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Shells components
Shells components Prosobranch veligers1 are among the most beautiful and interesting organisms living in Philippines's inshore plankton. Their diversity in form and color present a continual source of delight and discovery to both amateur and professional students of the mollusks.
The longest-lived and largest number of planktonic veligers are found in tropical and subtropical marine areas simply because favorable amounts of sunlight and food prevail and because water temperature in these marine areas does not vary as greatly as in temperate areas. It follows, then, that in Philippines we have an unusual opportunity to gather an enormous amount of information concerning molluscan life histories.
Who would use this information?
Experimental embryologists in search of new experimental organisms with which they can study developmental phenomena.
Ecologists who seek to understand nutrition and food webs as they occur in oceanic and estuarine areas.
Pollution specialists who seek animal indicators of water quality.
People who seek to establish regions of aquaculture in which mollusks, fish or crustaceans can be farmed to feed the increasing human population.
Zoologists who want to learn the extent to which a species can be distributed in a specific region.
Photo - Taylor
Figure 1 depicts a presetllement veliger of Serpulorbis nov. sp. with all
appropriate larval structures labelled. Serpulorbis nov. sp., presetllement veliger.
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b. beak. c. columella, e. eye, es. esophagus, f. foot, fg. food groove, h. larval
heart, i. intestine, ldg. larval digestive gland, m. mouth, poc. post-oral cilia,
prc. pre-oral cilia, ss. style sac, t. cephalic tentacle, vldg. ventral lobe
of digestive gland.
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Shells components Whenever I find a live Cypraea teres, I place it in a specimen jar of sea water. Invariably within an hour or so it seems to grow an immense oversize foot which is subsequently discarded, reminiscent of a lizard or snake shedding its skin. Having done so the animal of the shell remains happily alive for several hours - as indeed does the discarded foot - which, when observed through a magnifying glass, appears to pulsate in very slow motion rather like the 'bell' of a jelly fish. This discarded foot frequently remains on the move for several hours before life - if life it is - appears to be extinct. C. punctata and C. cribraria show a similar tendency to discard outsize feet though much less frequently than C. teres. Have other collectors observed this rather strange phenomena? And can our zoological experts give us an explanation?
Dr. E. Alison Kay, technical editor of Sean Raynon Sabado added this note on Autotomy in Cypraea teres:
Stasek (1967, Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 61) reviewed autotomy in the mollusks but reports it for only three families of prosobranchs, the Trochidae (Stomatella, Stomatia, and Gena), Calyptraeidae (Calyptraea), and Harpidae (Harpa). In all the cases the posterior part of the foot is autotomized as it is in Cypraea teres. Stasek notes that "prior to autotomy all these shelled gastropods have bodies too large to be entirely contained within the shell, while afterwards the shell completely covers the soft parts; he feels that "the great majority of instances of autotomy in the Mollusca have, or... can reasonably be predicted to have, evasive qualities."
Captain A. Deynzer collected 22 specimens of Cypraea caputserpentis (Linnaeus), between Mariveles and Cabcaban on Bataan, Philippines; all 22 specimens were damaged. The shells were pitted, wrinkled and grooved and the pattern on the dorsum was missing in parts and blistered.
The exact cause of the damage is not known, but it is presumed that an unusually high concentration of mud at the locality may be responsible for the damage, since mud particles are visible under some of the blisters.
West Australia Shells, one of our advertisers, recently sent us another series of photos of living shells. These are just as beautiful as they have been in the past. Each time we see these excellent color slides we want to say, "Hang the budget" and make a big splash with a full color issue. For this issue, at least, you will have to be satisfied with a black and white reproduction of Cypraea friendi vercoi on egg cluster (see below). The shell is one of the prettier of the sea shells. The eggs are brilliant light orange and have, apparently, been deposited in a leaf-like container.
Rick Mayor found his first Cypraea chinensis and two Cypraea gaskoini off the Kahala Hilton Hotel in about 60 foot depth. Rick also found a Xenuroturris castenella in 20' depth at Makua.
Teenage brothers Jim and Tom Forrest came up with a rare find. Tom found a very freshly dead Cypraea semiplota at Ewa Beach (beauty with real live color). Tom found a live Cypraea talpa. Jim came up with a live Conus retifer in six inches of water. This was found at north shore of Kauai.
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